Tips
and Techniques
TAKING CARE OF YOUR
CHALK, CHALKBOARD, AND SPACE
There are many ways to begin a
chalkboard drawing, but most importantly start with a clean surface. The
aesthetics of the chalkboard, like everything else in the classroom, should be
one of care and beauty. There is beauty in something as simple as cleanliness.
To draw on a board that has streaks of old chalk wiped all around detracts from
the time and effort you are putting into your next drawing. Also, the chalk
tray should be as free from dust and pieces of chalk as much as possible. Start
with a clean slate!
It may be helpful to keep your chalks organized by color. Anything can be used
for this such as origami folded boxes, small baskets, organizing trays made for
bolts, screws or crafts, cardboard jewelry boxes, etc. This makes it easy and
saves precious time when you are looking for a particular color. It also
enhances the tidiness of your work area and keeps the chalk from being marked up
by all the colors next to it.
For cleaning chalkboards, a couple of priceless tips may serve useful. One is
that I have found that a microfiber furniture polishing cloth will easily wipe
away chalk without leaving any streaks. This is perfect for times when you
aren’t able to actually wash the board between drawings or when erasing daily
work from the board. They are inexpensive and long lasting. I have found them
for just over two dollars at home improvement stores. The dust can be shaken
out of them before they need to be washed. A second tip is to always wash the
chalk tray first. This prevents you from picking up more chalk with a wet cloth
or sponge and dragging it back over the board.
In order to preserve its integrity, the way you wash your chalkboard should
depend on the type of chalkboard you use. If your chalkboard is a painted
surface, like wood, you will want to wash it with as little water as possible
and dry it immediately. This also applies to chalk boards that are framed in
wood. After as much chalk as possible has been erased with a cloth, use another
clean cloth or soft sponge to wash the board. Make sure to have a clean bucket
of water to rinse your sponge out frequently. This will decrease the number of
times you have to wipe the board, which will help preserve it, and will more
effectively and economically wash away any remaining chalk dust.
GETTING STARTED
If you have a tendency to let your drawings take over the whole board, and you
share your board with subject teachers, you may consider first drawing a border
around the area you are allowing yourself. For some this also helps to keep
perspective and spatial awareness. It can also be useful if you are doing the
picture for the students while they do theirs to give them an orientation to
follow.
Once the space you are using is established, lay down a background color. Keep
in mind that if you are doing this drawing in front of the children they will
not have the same capabilities to color over with their crayons as you do with
chalk. Let’s assume you are preparing this drawing ahead of time and will guide
the students during class on paper. It gives your drawing more depth when
colors are blended to make up the background. Consider the overall mood of the
picture. Is it a warm and sunny day? Is it underwater with rays of light
shining through? Is it stormy? The stroke of the chalk is very similar to the
stick and block crayons that the students use. Keep this in mind when guiding
the students through the drawings, especially in the lower grades of first
through fourth. Chalk is also very forgiving. If it isn’t what you were trying
to achieve, simply draw right over it!
SOME SIMPLE EXERCISES
TO TRY
Some of the following exercises can be found in Blackboard Sketching by
Frederick Whitney (1908). This book was incredibly helpful to me as a beginner,
not having had any formal training in the arts. The examples given are easy to
follow. This book can also be found online at
http://www.kellscraft.com/BlackboardDrawings/BlackboardSketchingContentPage.html.
When using the chalk, don’t be afraid to break it into a smaller piece to
achieve the stroke you are working for. You can also change the angle at which
you are holding the chalk to achieve varying widths to your stroke. A lighter
or darker tone is produced by varying the pressure placed upon the chalk. Also,
holding the chalk more at one end, rather than in the middle, allows more
pressure to be applied to the side you are holding resulting in a graded stroke
from side to side. With the practice and use of only a few strokes of the
chalk, one can achieve a great many things in chalkboard drawings.
When a texture is needed, as in
drawing a woven basket, place the chalk in a vertical position and then pull it
across the board, varying the pressure frequently to give it the effect seen
below.
The same technique that was used
above in varying the tone can be applied when drawing grass. Using short
strokes with the chalk held at an angle, move the hand up and down with a
slight curve at the bottom. You can also use the point of the chalk to add
accents. The trunk of a tree is achieved using the same technique of applying
more pressure to one side. Use this technique where there may be light shining
on that side of the tree. The apples are achieved using a short curving stroke,
first to the left, then to the right. Use the point of the chalk to add stems
and leaves.
In drawing plants, an entirely different stroke can be used. Holding the chalk
in a horizontal position, drawing it downward, twist the chalk as you go until
it is in a vertical position. In this way you will show the curvature of the
bending or twisting leaves. Practice the strokes in different directions. When
drawing leaves such as palm leaves, draw first very delicately the leaves in
the background then adding more pressure to the chalk for the leaves more up
front.
Another technique for drawing plants
like a fern is to first draw in a few main lines for foliage and then, holding
the chalk horizontally and swinging it back and forth, the strokes should get
shorter and twist gradually to a vertical position. Using the same technique,
beginning at different angles, more foliage can be drawn in. The same technique
can be used to draw in the foliage of a tree. Use lighter and darker shades of
whatever color you are using to show more depth and character.
Using the strokes already
demonstrated, obtain the effects of snow, rocky terrain, a sunny or cloudy day,
by simply varying the tone or amount of pressure on the chalk.
To achieve a horizon line, use a
horizontal stroke accented at the lower end of the chalk with increased
pressure. This will give a definitive line for the horizon as well as allow
other colors to be blended moving further up. A darker color can be used for
the land or water below the horizon line. Using the point of the chalk, wavy
strokes can be drawn for the sea. Land, rocks and cliffs can be drawn in by
applying pressure to one side of the chalk.
Spend a lot of time observing trees
to help with drawing them. They vary greatly in size and shape. Look at the how
the branches extend from the trunk. Notice the direction of the limbs, do they
splay outward or all point to the sky? What shade and texture is the bark? These
are details that will help give an appreciation for your subject. Begin with a
sturdy trunk that branches off with a twisting stroke of the chalk. Using the
side of the chalk again, add smaller branches, working your way out until you
have the desired shape. To add the foliage look at the type of tree you are
drawing and decide whether the strokes should be flat and curved (as in the
elm), up and down (for the poplar), back and forth (as in the pine) or an
irregular and slightly slanting stroke for the oak or apple. After the tree has
been drawn, highlight it with lighter colors and additional branches for more
details. It is best if the background and sky are drawn in first to avoid the
difficulty of trying to add it in afterward going around the strokes of the
leaves.
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